Topology

Topology is the study of shapes and spaces that are preserved under continuous deformations, like stretching, bending, or twisting, but not tearing or gluing. It focuses on properties that remain unchanged even when the shape is transformed in these ways. Key Characteristics / Core Concepts Continuity: Topology emphasizes continuous transformations; properties remain consistent across these … Read more

Real Analysis

Real analysis is the branch of mathematical analysis dealing with the real numbers and functions of real numbers. It rigorously studies concepts like limits, continuity, differentiation, and integration. Key Characteristics / Core Concepts Limits and Continuity: The foundation of real analysis, exploring how functions behave as inputs approach certain values. Differentiation: The study of rates … Read more