Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. It explores how traits are passed from parents to offspring and how these traits change over time.
Key Characteristics / Core Concepts
- Genes: Basic units of heredity, containing instructions for building and maintaining an organism (composed of DNA).
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): A molecule carrying genetic instructions. It’s a double helix structure.
- Chromosomes: Structures within cells containing tightly packaged DNA.
- Genotype: An organism’s complete set of genes.
- Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an organism, resulting from its genotype and environment.
How It Works / Its Function
Genes provide the blueprint for building proteins, which perform various functions in the body. DNA replicates to pass genetic information during cell division and reproduction. Mutations (changes in DNA) can alter traits and drive evolution.
The process of inheritance involves the passing of genes from parents to their offspring through reproductive cells (gametes).
Examples
- Eye color: Inherited from parents through genes.
- Height: Influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.
- Disease susceptibility: Genetic predisposition to certain diseases.
Why is it Important? / Significance
Genetics is crucial for understanding health, evolution, and the diversity of life. It has applications in medicine (genetic testing, gene therapy), agriculture (crop improvement), and forensic science.
Genetic research helps us understand and treat diseases, develop new technologies, and conserve biodiversity.
Related Concepts
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Evolution