Computer networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing resources, such as data, applications, and peripherals. It enables communication and data exchange between these devices.
Key Characteristics / Core Concepts
- Nodes: Individual devices connected to the network (computers, printers, smartphones).
- Links: The physical or wireless connections between nodes.
- Protocols: Rules and standards that govern communication between devices (e.g., TCP/IP).
- Network Topologies: The physical or logical layout of the network (e.g., star, bus, ring).
- Network Security: Measures to protect the network from unauthorized access and threats.
How It Works / Its Function
Networks use protocols to ensure data is transmitted correctly. Data is broken into packets, sent across the network, and reassembled at the destination. Routers and switches direct the flow of data packets within the network.
Different network types exist: Local Area Networks (LANs) connect devices within a limited area, while Wide Area Networks (WANs) span larger geographical regions. The internet itself is a massive WAN.
Examples
- Home Network: Connecting computers, smartphones, and smart home devices using Wi-Fi.
- Office Network: Linking computers and printers in an office using Ethernet cables.
- The Internet: A global network connecting billions of devices worldwide.
Why is it Important? / Significance
Computer networking is crucial for communication, collaboration, and data sharing. It allows for efficient resource management and enables access to vast amounts of information and services.
Businesses rely on networks for internal communication, data storage, and customer service. Individuals utilize networks for entertainment, communication, and access to information.
Related Concepts
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Ethernet